Introduction The relationship between religion and the state is a fundamental issue in constitutional and political theory. In a religiously diverse country like India, the state must protect the freedom…
Introduction Secularism is one of the foundational principles of the Indian constitutional and political system. India is a country characterised by religious, linguistic, cultural and social diversity. Hinduism, Islam, Christianity,…
1. Introduction The rise of Hindutva politics is one of the most significant developments in contemporary Indian politics. Since the late twentieth century, Hindutva has moved from the ideological and…
1. Introduction Hindu nationalism is one of the most influential and debated ideological currents in modern Indian politics. It developed through a historical process involving religious and social reform movements,…
Introduction India adopted a democratic and secular constitutional framework after independence in 1947. The Constitution established equal citizenship and protected freedom of religion. Nevertheless, communal politics did not disappear with…
Introduction India is a plural society in which people belonging to different religions, languages, castes and cultural traditions have lived together for centuries. Religious diversity, by itself, does not necessarily…
1. Introduction Communalism is an important concept in the study of Indian politics, society and the political process. India is a pluralistic society characterised by religious, linguistic, cultural and ethnic…
1. Introduction India is a country characterised by enormous social, cultural, linguistic, religious and regional diversity. People identify themselves through several social categories, including caste, religion, language, ethnicity, gender, tribe,…
1. Introduction Globalization refers to the growing interconnectedness of countries and societies through trade, investment, technology, communication, migration and cultural exchange. In India, globalization has influenced not only economic development…
1. Introduction The Gorkhaland Movement is an important example of an ethnic, regional and sub-regional autonomy movement in India. It emerged primarily in the Darjeeling hills of northern West Bengal,…