Table of Contents Introduction Historical Background 42nd Constitutional Amendment, 1976 86th Constitutional Amendment, 2002 List of Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) Clause-by-clause explanations Nature and Characteristics of Fundamental Duties Significance of…

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Historical Background Nature and Features of DPSPs Classification of DPSPs A. Socialistic/Ideals of Social Justice B. Gandhian Principles C. Liberal-Intellectual Principles Article-wise Detailed Notes (Art. 36–51)…

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to Fundamental Rights Historical Background Nature & Features of Fundamental Rights Article-wise Detailed Notes (Art. 12–35) Article 12 Article 13 Right to Equality (14–18) Right to…

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Historical Background of the Preamble Drafting of the Preamble Text of the Preamble Nature of the Indian State as Reflected in the Preamble Sovereign Socialist Secular…

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Historical Background of Constitutional Developments Early constitutional reforms (1858–1935) Growth of national consciousness Demand for a Constituent Assembly Indian proposals British concessions Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)…

1. The System Used The President of India is elected by the method of👉 Proportional Representation👉 by means of the Single Transferable Vote (STV)👉 and the voting is by secret…

Election of the President of India 1. Introduction The President of India is the head of the Union Executive and the first citizen of the country.The office of the President…

Powers and Functions of the President of India 1. Introduction The President of India is the constitutional head of the Union Executive and the supreme commander of the Defence Forces…

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Constitutional Basis Types of State Legislatures State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Composition Election Term Qualifications & Disqualifications Presiding Officers Powers & Functions State Legislative Council (Vidhan…