⭐ 1. Similarities Between Realism and Neo-Realism Both theories belong to the Realist tradition, so they share many basic assumptions. ✔ 1. International system is anarchic There is no world…

“A modern, scientific version of Realism that focuses on the structure of the international system.” ⭐ 1. What is Neo-Realism? Neo-realism is an updated form of Realism developed by Kenneth…

“A practical and sometimes harsh way of looking at world politics.” Realism is one of the most important and oldest theories in International Relations.It explains world politics by focusing on…

“A hopeful view of international politics based on peace, cooperation, and morality.” ⭐ 1. What is Idealism? Idealism is a theory in International Relations that believes: 👉 Peace is possible👉…

“Understanding how power and human nature shape world politics” ⭐ 1. What is Classical Realism? Classical Realism is one of the oldest theories in International Relations.It says: 👉 World politics…

“How the modern state system changed after 1648” The Westphalian system (1648) created strong, independent, sovereign nation-states with clear borders.But after 1648, the world changed again and again, and the…

“Birth of the Modern Nation-State System” The Westphalian System began after the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which ended the Thirty Years’ War in Europe.This treaty completely changed how states behaved…

Before the Westphalian system (1648), the idea of “state” was very different from what we know today.There were no fixed borders, no modern governments, and no idea of national sovereignty.…

1. Meaning of International Relations (IR) International Relations (IR) is the study of how countries talk to each other, work with each other, and sometimes fight with each other.It looks…